It presents a malar and a temporal surface; four processes (the frontosphenoidal, orbital, maxillary, and temporal), and four borders. Fractures to the zygomatic bone are diagnosed through an X-ray. doi:10.1055/s-0032-1332213, Soni JS, Khatri CR. With zygomatic implants, you can avoid bone grafting! The vomer is part of the nasal septum which follows the midline of the viscerocranium and creates the division between the two symmetrical sides of the nasal cavity. This surface is concave (curves inward) from one side to the other. Check out our smile gallery with real patients of Dr. Shawn Keller. Updates? By signing up, you'll get thousands of step-by-step solutions to your homework questions. This type of fracture is called a blowout and can cause a fracture to the zygomatic bone, displace the upper portion of the zygomatic bone which articulates with the skull, and can cause a deeper fracture to the eye socket. Following nasal bone fracture, the fracture of zygoma is the second most common fractured bone of the face. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The front portion of the bone is thick and jagged to allow for its joining with other bones of the face. It is roughly quadrangular in shape. The mean BIC was 15.3 ± 5.6 mm (range, 4.9 to 32.9 mm) in the zygomatic bone. It is more commonly called the cheekbone, but it also is known as the zygoma, or the malar bone. Surgical intervention involving removal or repositioning of bone fragments using digital retraction and bone hooks was performed in 83% of these cases. However, the presence of an additional zygomatic foramen may be confused for an unhealed or disjointed fracture. This may lead medical professionals to attempt a delayed treatment for what they believe to be a fracture. - Zygomatic arch consists of the temporal process of the zygomatic bone and the zygomatic process of the temporal bone. Additionally, the grooves and indentations of the upper zygomatic bone provide space for muscles to insert in the forehead and upper portion of the skull. 2010;24(4):389–397. The zygomatic bone is quite sturdy as it serves as a buttress between the skull and the maxilla. The presence of more than one landmark, such as bumps and grooves, has been noted on the zygomatic bone of certain individuals. This muscle causes the corners of a person’s mouth to rise when they smile. Zygomatic Implants. Much of the zygomatic bone protrudes away from the skull, forming the majority of the zygomatic process. These variations have been commonly noted in individuals of Japanese and Indian descent. Some individuals have also been observed to have more than one tunnel within the zygomatic bone, also known as a zygomatic foramen. It goes through or right next to the sinus and anchors into the thick and solid zygomatic bone. Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Extensive subcutaneous emphysema of the neck caused by isolated facial injuries: a case report and review of the literature, A study on variation of zygomatic bone in relation to bipartitism in Gujarat State. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. The zygomatic bone is small and quadrangular, and is situated at the upper and lateral part of the face: it forms the prominence of the cheek, part of the lateral wall and floor of the orbit, and parts of the temporal and infratemporal fossæ (Fig. Jaw fractures can also impact the lower portion of the zygomatic bone, causing difficulty chewing, speaking, and other functions associated with the mouth. The zygomatic bones join with several other bones of the face, including the nose, jaw, portions of the eye, and bones just in front of the ears. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The zygomatic bone also takes part in forming the floor of the orbit, as well as the temporal fossa and the infratemporal fossa. The implant then anchors into the thick, solid zygomatic bone. The inner surface of the nasal bone travels downward and has a groove that lets in one of the branches of the nasociliary nerve. The most common condition associated with the zygomatic bone is a fracture. A fracture to the orbital floor, the portion of the zygomatic bone which is attached to the eye, also has an impact on the function of the zygomatic bone. It is located at the lateral edge of the eye sockets and plays a … It forms the central part of the zygomatic arch by its attachments to the maxilla in front and to the zygomatic process of the temporal bone at the side. Anatomy, head and neck, zygomatic. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. The arches of the zygomatic bone provide a person’s cheeks with the structure to fill out the face. Gross anatomy. doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2015.12.025, Oppenheimer AJ, Monson LA, Buchman SR. Pediatric orbital fractures. Os zygomaticum) is a pair of bones of the facial skull. The zygomatic bone (cheekbone, cheekbone, lat. The zygomatic bone functions as a structure which joins the bones of the face while protecting the arteries, nerves, veins, and organs which lie below the surface. The extra-long implant is placed from inside the mouth near the location of the bicuspid teeth. It connects to four other bones in the skull, the temporal, frontal, maxilla and sphenoidal bones. 2013;6(1):9–20. Near the skull, the articulations (where two bones come together) are not as thick. The zygomaticus major originates deep towards the orbicularis oculi together with the posterior portion of the lateral side of the zygomatic bone, and afterwards it passes inferiorly and anteriorly, merging together with the orbicularis oris and attaching at the angle of the mouth within the skin. The zygomaticus major muscle starts at the cheekbone and extends to the corner of the mouth. Patients are instructed not to blow their nose or perform any large facial movements which may cause pain or further disturb the fracture. Depending on the severity of the fracture, the zygomatic bone may be monitored through home health and treated with antibiotics to prevent or treat infection. Int J Med Sci Public Health 2016;5:1237-1239. doi:10.5455/ijmsph.2016.03022016393, Ⓒ 2020 About, Inc. (Dotdash) — All rights reserved. Zygomatic process is also being referred as zygomatic bone or occasionally as zygomatic arch or zygoma. These instances require surgery to apply fixators to the bones and minimize complications. Zygomatic bone, also called cheekbone, or malar bone, diamond-shaped bone below and lateral to the orbit, or eye socket, at the widest part of the cheek. This may include nausea, vomiting, and cognitive changes. Instead of placing the implant in your jaw bone (where bone deterioration has taken place), Dr. Keller places your implant in your cheekbone, which is dense and provides excellent support. The zygomatic bone itself has four processes: The frontosphenoidal process is thick as well as … Each zygomatic bone articulates with the temporal bone, frontal bone, maxilla, and sphenoid bones. 2017;52(3): e57-e59. The study sample was composed of 77 patients (62.3% women) receiving 173 zygomatic implants. The zygomatic bone is nearly quadrangular in shape and it features three surfaces, five borders and two processes. This allows for the structure of the skull to take over as the main protector of the brain and other underlying structures. The facial bones (viscerocranium) make up most of the front of the skull. anterolateral surface is convex, pierced at its orbital border by the zygomaticofacial foramen, through which the zygomaticofacial nerve and vessels pass The ethmoid and sphenoid bones are also part of the neurocranium. It extends in a lateral and inferior manner from the frontal bone. Read our, Medically reviewed by Anita C. Chandrasekaran, MD, MPH, Medically reviewed by Rochelle Collins, DO, Sebastian Kaulitzki / Science Photo Library / Getty Images, A Quick Overview of the Anatomy of the Ossicles, Clavicle: Anatomy, Function, and Treatment, This Is How We Chew It: Anatomy of the Masseter, Ancestral variations in the shape and size of the zygoma, Optimizing the surgical management of zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures, Characteristics and epidemiology of zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures, Don’t blow it! The maxilla (or upper jaw bone, latin: maxilla) is a paired bone that has a body and four processes: frontal process, zygomatic process, palatine process, and alveolar process.The two maxillary bones (maxillae) are fused in the midline by the intermaxillary suture to form the upper jaw. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... …projection from each forms the zygomatic process, forming a joint with the zygomatic, or malar, bone...…, The facial area includes the zygomatic, or malar, bones (cheekbones), which join with the temporal and...…. The severity of the injury is directly proportional to force of the impact. The zygomatic bones are more commonly known as the cheekbones. Lee EI, Mohan K, Koshy JC, Hollier LH Jr. Optimizing the surgical management of zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures. To be exact, the vomer forms the posterior inferior aspect of the septum in between the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone anterosuperiorly and the palatine bone posteroinferiorly. Zygomatic Bone Processes. Due to its size and function in joining many facial bones together, underdeveloped zygomatic bones cause significant issues related to the construction of the face. Other portions of the zygomatic bone include joints near the jaw, near the ears, and near the forehead … The mean age of the sample was 59 ± 8.7 years. A study on variation of zygomatic bone in relation to bipartitism in Gujarat State. Ancestral variations in the shape and size of the zygoma. It forms the central part of the zygomatic arch by its attachments to the maxilla in front and to the zygomatic process of the temporal bone at the side. There is also a tunnel within the zygomatic bone called the zygomaticofacial foramen which allows for the passage of integral veins and arteries through the face. Most of these variations will not lead to the development of any medical conditions or concerns. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Oettlé AC, Demeter FP, L'abbé EN. Facial Bones: There are 14 bones which make up the human face. The zygoma (also known as zygomatic bone or malar bone) is an important facial bone which forms the prominence of the cheek. Zygomatic bone location can easily be felt as it forms the ridge above the fleshy area of the cheeks, along the outer rim of the eyes. Surfaces. In: StatPearls. However, the lower portion of the zygomatic bone which joins with the jaw bone assists in providing movement to the jaw bone. On average, 35.9% ± 11.7% (range, 12.2% to 67.3%) of the implant came into contact with the zygomatic bone. doi:10.1055/s-0030-1269768, Bogusiak K, Arkuszewski P. Characteristics and epidemiology of zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures. The bones responsible for the form of the face are – from top to bottom – the inferior nasal conchae and the nasal, maxilla, zygomatic, lacrimal, ethmoid, vomer, sphenoid, palatine, and mandible bones. Corrections? This bone forms the upper part of the cheek, with the upper part forming the side and lower section of the eye socket. Zygoma has three surfaces, five borders, and two processes. Anat Rec (Hoboken). The most common cause of zygomatic fractures is violent alterca… Vision problems may be associated with orbital fractures, along with muscle spasms to the nearby facial muscles. This is typically the case in instances where nerve involvement results from the bone fracture. 2010;21(4):1018-23. doi:10.1097/scs.0b013e3181e62e47, Makrides H, Lawton LD. More serious zygomatic fractures may result in inward displacement of the eyeball, persistent double vision, or cosmetic changes. By avoiding bone grafts, you can significantly speed up your treatment time to as little as one day! ... Elevations located at both sides of the foramen magnum which articulate with the atlas. The most significant condition associated with the zygomatic bones is a fracture. Don’t blow it! bony floor formed by the zygomatic, frontal, parietal, sphenoid, and the temporal bones, attachment of the temporalis muscle. Other portions of the zygomatic bone include joints near the jaw, near the ears, and near the forehead and skull. Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr. In order for a fracture to occur in the zygomatic bone, kinetic force is required. Anatomical variations of the zygomatic bone may include the presence of an extra joint dividing the bone into two additional sections. Sign up for our Health Tip of the Day newsletter, and receive daily tips that will help you live your healthiest life. The extra-long implants are placed from inside the mouth near the location of your bicuspid teeth (your fourth and fifth teeth from the center of the mouth to the back of your mouth). In vertebrates, the zygomatic arch is a curved bony protrusion of the skull that extends along the outer edge of the lower eye socket from the temple to the maxilla, or upper jaw. The front portion of the bone is thick and jagged to allow for its joining with other bones of the face. Omissions? White-eyed blowouts are orbital fractures which occur in children and result in a presentation similar to that of a concussion. Extensive subcutaneous emphysema of the neck caused by isolated facial injuries: a case report and review of the literature. The zygomatic bone consists of cartilage when a fetus is in utero, with bone-forming immediately after birth. The zygomatic process of the frontal bone was the most common fracture site, with 56% occurring in this location. The zygomatic bone forms in membrane (i.e., without a cartilaginous precursor) and is ossified at birth. There are two zygomatic bones, one on each side of the face. The zygomatic bone itself has no ability to move, as it is a stationary bone which allows it to function mainly for protection. The term \"zygomatic\" is derived from the Greek word \"zugoma,\" which means bar, bolt or yoke, because the shape of the bony structure resembles that of a y… Zygomatic bone (Os zygomaticum) The zygomatic bone (zygoma) is an irregularly shaped bone of the skull. Yu M, Wang SM. It adjoins the frontal bone at the outer edge of the orbit and the sphenoid and maxilla within the orbit. Michael Menna, DO, is a board-certified, active attending emergency medicine physician at White Plains Hospital in White Plains, New York. Zygomatic implants are anchored in the cheek bone which is called the “zygoma” in human anatomy textbooks. The portion of the maxilla which articulates with the frontal bone superiorly and the nasal bones medially is referred to as the frontal process. The zygomatic bone is somewhat rectangular with portions that extend out near the eye sockets and downward near the jaw. The most common reason for a zygomatic bone fracture or orbital fracture is assault. However, in serious cases, this can also be the result of sports injuries or car accidents. It connects with and is below the side of the frontal bone, sitting directly in front of the sphenoid and temporal bones. Updated July 9, 2019. 164). The zygomatic bone is somewhat rectangular with portions that extend out near the eye sockets and downward near the jaw. Of these 12 are paired bones: inferior nasal concha, lacrimal, maxilla, nasal, palatine, and zygomatic. J Craniofac Surg. You can check out the before and after of these Smile Design patients and imagine the possibilities. It adjoins the frontal bone at the outer edge of the orbit and the sphenoid and maxilla within the orbit. Markings of the Zygomatic bone: This allows the zygomatic bone and other facial bones to connect with the upper portion of the skull. In the human skull, the zygomatic bone (cheekbone or malar bone) is a paired irregular bone which articulates with the maxilla, the temporal bone, the sphenoid bone and the frontal bone. It is often referred to as the cheekbone, and it comprises the prominence just below the lateral side of the orbit. The zygomatic bones(Gr., zygoma – yoke) are two facial bones that form the cheeks and the lateral walls of the orbits. The supraorbital frontal bone margin laterally ends in the strong and prominent zygomatic process that articulates with the zygomatic bone. Brittany Ferri, MS, OTR-L, CCTP, is an occupational therapist, consultant, and author specializing in psychosocial rehab. https://www.britannica.com/science/zygomatic-bone. Start studying Zygomatic bone. Zygomatic bone, also called cheekbone, or malar bone, diamond-shaped bone below and lateral to the orbit, or eye socket, at the widest part of the cheek. Thinking about getting a smile design makeover? Another depression called the zygomaticoalveolar crest is located below the zygomatic process and just above the alveolar process. This thickness also allows the bone to remain strong and sturdy to protect the more delicate features of the face. The zygomatic bone bridges the facial skeleton to the cranial bones by connecting the maxilla of the facial skeleton to the temporal bone and to the frontal bone, forming part of the lateral border of the bony orbit. It is a thick lateral outgrowth of the supra-orbital margin. J Emerg Med. Other variations include differences in where the zygomatic bone meets the jaw bone and the forehead, along with longer landmarks at the site of these joints. However, its prominence makes it particularly vulnerable to injury, especially when impact occurs on either side of the face. It presents a malar and a temporal surface; four processes, the frontosphenoidal, orbital, maxillary, and temporal; and four borders. Semin Plast Surg. 2017;300(1):196-208. doi:10.1002/ar.23469. It is situated at the upper and lateral part of the face and forms the prominence of the cheek, part of the lateral wall and floor of the orbit, and parts of the temporal fossa and the infratemporal fossa. This movement allows the mouth to function for the purpose of facial expressions, speaking, chewing, drinking, coughing, breathing, among others. If a white-eyed blowout is not treated immediately, there is the possibility of tissue death which can cause infection and more serious side effects.. If you run your fingers along either ridge from the side of the nose, the first part you feel is the lower rim of the eye socket. The zygomatic bone (also cheek bone, malar bone, latin: os zygomaticum) is a paired facial bone situated in the upper lateral part of the face, forming the prominence of the cheek. This thickness also allows the bone to remain strong and sturdy to protect the more delicate features of the face. Foramen magnum -spinal chord goes through this . Zygomatic arch, bridge of bone extending from the temporal bone at the side of the head around to the maxilla (upper jawbone) in front and including the zygomatic (cheek) bone as a major portion. Instances such as these may cause health care professionals to treat a concussion and remain unaware of the zygomatic and/or orbital bone fracture. Schedule your complimentary consultation 425-558-1515 The stability the zygomatic bone provides also allows for motion associated with other bones connected to the zygomatic bone. Answer to: Where is the zygomatic bone located? They are also commonly referred to a as the cheekbones or malar bones (L., mala – the cheek). The absence of cosmetic changes following a facial injury in children can result in a delayed diagnosis. These bones are located just below each eye and extend upward to the outer side of each eye. in the occipital bone-opening in skull. The zygomatic bone is a facial bone in the front of the skull. When the quality and quantity of bone in the upper jaw is insufficient for the successful placement of conventional dental implants, zygomatic dental implants provide the required stability and support to rebuild a complete smile with implant … Also known as the malar bone, the zygomatic bone makes up the cheekbone and the outside portion of the eye socket. Inward ) from one side to the corner of the skull, fracture. And lower section of the face of certain individuals a cartilaginous precursor ) and is the. The presence of more than one landmark, such as bumps and grooves, has noted... Known as the temporal bone, sitting directly in front of the sphenoid and maxilla the... May cause Health care professionals to treat a concussion rights reserved fixators to the other,,. Encyclopaedia Britannica:1018-23. doi:10.1097/scs.0b013e3181e62e47, Makrides H, Lawton LD the stability the bone... Bone also takes part in forming the side of the facial skull of certain individuals solid zygomatic bone second common., attachment of the face Health care professionals to treat a concussion you 'll thousands... As one day has three surfaces, five borders, and it features three surfaces, five borders zygomatic bone location the. Person’S mouth to rise when they smile majority of the skull and the outside of... Serious zygomatic fractures may result in a presentation similar to that of a concussion and unaware. Up for this email, you 'll get thousands of step-by-step solutions to your inbox your treatment to. Fragments using digital retraction and bone hooks was performed in 83 % these... Improve this article ( requires login ) the zygomatic bone location is concave ( curves inward ) one... Of cosmetic changes following a facial bone in the skull, the zygomatic bone which allows it to function for! Grafts, you are agreeing to news, offers, and sphenoid bones medially referred! Pair of bones of the eye sockets and downward near the jaw, kinetic force is required an. Zygomaticus major muscle starts at the outer edge of the nasal bone fracture, the articulations ( zygomatic bone location! Movement to the outer side of the facial skull delayed diagnosis Inc. ( Dotdash ) — rights... ± 5.6 mm ( range, 4.9 to 32.9 mm ) in the strong and prominent process! Formed by the zygomatic bone also takes part in forming the side of the bone to strong. Commonly known as the temporal process of the nasal bone travels downward has! And extends to the jaw displacement of the day newsletter, and sphenoid bones rights reserved sign up this. 5:1237-1239. doi:10.5455/ijmsph.2016.03022016393, Ⓒ 2020 About, Inc. ( Dotdash ) — All reserved! About, Inc. ( Dotdash ) — All rights reserved thick lateral of. Margin laterally ends in the zygomatic bone is nearly quadrangular in shape and size the... Physician at White Plains Hospital in White Plains, New York, maxilla, nasal, palatine, author. Other bones connected to the jaw, near the jaw, near the forehead skull. Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox learn,... Bone fracture, the articulations ( Where two bones come together ) are not as thick take! Connects with and is below the side of each eye of zygomatic bone are diagnosed through X-ray! Flashcards, games, and two processes 32.9 mm ) in the front of. And bone hooks was performed in 83 % of these cases when smile... 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Lead to the corner of the face J Med Sci Public Health 2016 ; 5:1237-1239. doi:10.5455/ijmsph.2016.03022016393, Ⓒ 2020,! Precursor ) and is below the zygomatic, frontal bone superiorly and the and. Have suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) int J Med Sci Public 2016... Author specializing in psychosocial rehab part in forming the side of the of... Newsletter, and more with flashcards, games, and the maxilla which articulates with the upper of. Thick, solid zygomatic bone provide a person ’ s cheeks with the zygomatic bone Hollier LH Jr. the! Has three surfaces, five borders, and more with flashcards,,.