IBM 1620; IBM 7094; CDC 1604; CDC 3600; UNIVAC 1108; Third Generation. The first generation of electronic computers used vacuum tubes, which generated large amounts of heat, were bulky and unreliable. Here are some pictures of a second generation computer. Examples of first generation computer are ENIAC, UNIVAC, EDSAC, and EDVAC. Second Generation (1959-1964) The transistors invented in 1947, which was not seen as extensive use, replaced vacuum tubes. (1964-1971): During the third generation, technology envisaged a shift from huge transistors to integrated circuits, also known as IC. CDC 1604. The period of third generation was 1964-1972. Your email address will not be published. The transistor was far superior to the vacuum tube that made computers become smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy -efficient and more re liable than the first generation computers. However, the “process” could be anything. A single IC can pack huge number of transistors which increased the power of a computer and reduced the cost. Whereas, the first generation used vacuum tubes as the CPU and magnetic drum for storing the data. The Fourth Generation of Computers are comes with VLSI (Very Large Scale Technology) also we can call it as microprocessors. Third Generation (1963-1972) Third generation computers appeared with integrated circuits. Programming languages some of the computers of the second generation are: IBM 1620 – Its size was used smaller as compared to the first-generation computers and it was used mostly for scientific purpose. IBM 1401, UNIVAC-II, IBM 1620. The third generation computers used integrated circuits (ICs) instead of transistors. A single IC has many transistors, resistors and capacitors along with the associated circuitry. Well, the fifth generation computers perform the parallel processing which fast results. IBM 1620: Its size was smaller as compared to First Generation computers and mostly used for scientific purpose. The IBM 7000 series was developed throughout the 1950s and early 1960s. It is the second generation that the concept of Central Processing Unit (CPU), memory programming language and input and output units were developed. IBM 1620 2.IBM 7094 3. Real Time and Time Sharing Operating System. Some of the computers of the Second Generation were. 1. We can think that computers are in cars or refrigerators. (CU01 program is loaded); Press the Start key to begin execution of the 1620 Diagnostics Program. It uses the machine language to take the input knows as 1GL or first generation language. $29.99. In 1620, the Mayflower set sail on its journey from Plymouth, England, to the U.S., carrying the … 1. The new operating systems are developed MS Window, Linux and Linux based components are developed. The transistor was developed in Bell Labs in 1947, but introduced in computers 1950’s. In the military, the AI helped soldiers for unexpected problems arises in many situations around the world. IBM 1620 Core Memory Overview ... Debugging the 1959 IBM 1401 Computer at the Computer History ... AT&T Archives: Bubble Generation, a film about bubble memory from 1979 - … The Generations of computers are classified based on its operations and devices used in it. Later the time has passed we saw the many latest technology improvements in hardware and software. Kelkar and Kohli played an important role in ensuring that IIT-Kanpur obtained an IBM 1620 computer with aid from the USA in 1963 — the machine became the nucleus for India’s first computer centre in an educational institution. Whereas, these computers smaller and give fast results as compared with other generation computers. A transistor computer, now often called a second generation computer, is a computer which uses discrete transistors instead of vacuum tubes. The future generation of computers performs, Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pocket (Opens in new window), Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window), Click to share on Skype (Opens in new window), Click to share on Telegram (Opens in new window), Biography of Srinivasa Ramanujan – Indian Mathematician, What is a Touchscreen? The IBM 1620 was first introduced in 1959, a second generation computer, it has transistorised circuitry. Some of the popular second generation computers are; IBM 1620; IBM 7094; CDC 1604; CDC 3600; UNIVAC 1108; Third Generation Computers. CDC 3600- IT was used for scientific purpose. IBM 1620 The IBM 1620 computer was developed by IBM on October 21, 1959. Some of the more widely known second generation computers were:IBM 7090IBM 7070IBM 7080IBM 7010IBM 7030 StretchIBM 1620IBM 1401IBM 1410IBM … By increasing the new technologies, computers are becoming cheaper, smaller which increases the buying of users. It was used to provide Education and research in the field of computer science, we believe it was used in the Eindhoven University of Technology. The first generation of computers is started with using vacuum tubes as the basic components. Examples of second-generation computers are-IBM-1401, Honewell-800, IBM-1620, IBM-7000, ICL-1901 etc. This generation of computers allows users to use the computer for word processing, spreadsheets, file managing and graphics. A single IC can pack huge number of transistors which increased the power of a computer and reduced the cost. By using these languages, it can perform the complex operations and produce accurate results. UNIVAC 1108. The IBM 1620 Data Processing System The basic IBM 1620 Model 1 Data Processing System, 1959-1970, photo from the Computer Museum History Center. CDC 1604 4. examples of 2nd gen. computer language : cobol, Algol, LOGO. Languages used for programming in this era were FORTRAN (1956), ALGOL (1958) and COBOL (1959). The future generation of computers performs the tasks very faster than previous generations and devices may be invisible or smaller in size. Examples: PDP-8, IBM1400 series, IBM 1620, IBM 7090, CDC 3600. The new version technologies are improved to repair the problems of computers. The First generation electronic computer Mark – 1 and other of this time were made possible by the invention of Vacuum Tubes which was the triangle glass device that could control and amplify electronic signals. It is the second generation that the concept of Central Processing Unit (CPU), memory programming language and input and output units were developed. (II) Second Generation (1956 to 1963) ... इस पीढ़ी के कुछ कंप्यूटर इस प्रकार हैं:- IBM 1620, IBM 7094, CDC 1604, CDC 3600, UNIVAC 1108. The Computer is an electronic device which performs multiple operations by processing the information. examples of 2nd gen. computers: IBM 1620, IBM 1401, Honey web 200, CDC 3600, CDC 1604. Moreover, the third generation computers use the COBOL, FORTRAN-II to FORTRAN-IV, PASCAL, ALGOL-68, BASIC by taking the input. The emotion-sensing technology can help to change the things. Quality Information about the all computers or laptops, mobiles,Tablets, technology and latest electronic gadgets. IBM 1620. A computer is basically an electronic machine that can process information. How did it all happen? ... First generation computers relied on machine language, the lowest-level programming language understood by computers, to perform operations, and they could only solve one problem at a time. Some of the machine of the Second Generation were: IBM 1620 In fact, in the coming years, your light bulb became the computer which performs operations and projects the information instead of light. This scenario has changed dramatically to the point that the impossible to find the computer without a home that performs tasks. The second generation computers use the magnetic tape and magnetic core as the primary storage, and the secondary storage uses the magnetic disks. A computer is basically an electronic machine that can process information. IBM 1401 Autocoder and IBM 1620 Assembler Language. The Sixth Generation of computers is different from, other generation computers in terms of size, speed and tasks that perform. (about the size of a refrigerator) 2.IBM 1401: Its size was small to medium and used for business applications. The third-generation computers were developed during 1965-1974. Third Generation Computers: Integrated Circuits. CDC 1604 4. Most Useful Excel Sheet Shortcuts Download. Well, it uses the high-level of computer languages by taking the input such as COBOL, FORTRAN, etc. Moreover, these computers are portable so that, you can carry the devices anywhere and access at any time. Some of the computers of the Second Generation were: 1. Punched card, paper tape and keyboard input; card, paper tape and printed output. The IBM 1620 was a general-purpose, stored-program data processing system for small businesses, research and engineering departments of large companies, and schools requiring solutions to complex problems in the areas of engineering, research, and management science. First Generation of Computer (1940-1956) 1. 3. Example of fifth generation computers are Notebook, Laptop, Desktop, Ultra book, Chrome book, and many more. Some of the computers of the Second Generation were. The first generation was assembler language (or "assembly" seems to used more often now...probably due to Knuth and the "MIX Assembly Language.") For example, addition, subtraction or any other arithmetic operations. It had the code name CADET (Computer with ADvanced Economic Technology), which was jokingly renames “Can’t Add, Doesn’t Even Try”, because it used core memory lookup tables instead of dedicated arithmetic circuitry like any sensible computer would. IBM 1401 Autocoder and IBM 1620 Assembler Language. W… La IBM 1620, tenía un precio de que oscilaba entre los 85,000 a 100,000 dólares americanos de esa época, en dólares actuales podríamos estar hablando de más de 2 millones. Some of the popular second generation computers are; IBM 1620; IBM 7094; CDC 1604; CDC 3600; UNIVAC 1108; Third Generation Computers. It used a variable word length decimal, as opposed to fixed word length in binary. But, the transistor produces the big amount of heat which damages sensitive parts in the computers. The IC is the small circuit which contains the thousands of transistors, resistors to make the computer. The third generation of computer is marked by the use of Integrated Circuits (IC's) in place of transistors. Now we have used five generations of computers. We already use the gestures to control the computers. The Example of this generation computer is IBM 1620, IBM 7094, CDC 1604, CDC 3600, UNIVAC 1108. IBM 1620; IBM 7094; CDC 1604; CDC 3600; UNIVAC 1108; Third Generation. This IBM 1620 computer dates to March 1961. In this generation of the computers, the new languages are introduced like object-oriented languages like C++, JAVA, etc. We can think that access your computer with voice recognization. The Example of this generation computer is IBM 1620, IBM 7094, CDC 1604, CDC 3600, UNIVAC 1108. The Model 1’s Internal processing speeds was 20 microseconds and it has core storage of up to 20,000 digits, extended by use of a IBM 1623 Core Storage (40,000 digits). Real Time and Time Sharing Operating System. Second Generation (1959-1964) The transistors invented in 1947, which was not seen as extensive use, replaced vacuum tubes. (II) Second Generation (1956 to 1963) ... इस पीढ़ी के कुछ कंप्यूटर इस प्रकार हैं:- IBM 1620, IBM 7094, CDC 1604, CDC 3600, UNIVAC 1108. In the automobile technology, robots are used for manufacturing, but the artificial intelligence is used in some cars which allow to breaking and wearing the vehicle if necessary. Second Generation : IBM 1620 The period of this generation is from 1959 to 1965. With this generation computers, you can perform the multiple operations at a time with no slow down. First Generation of the computer invented between the years 1940 to 1956.During the Second World War different countries had started developing computer to work fast. Example: IBM 1401, UNIVAC-II, IBM 1620. IBM 1620. Whereas, it uses the semiconductors as the raw material to its processors. 2nd generation: 2nd generation of computer start with the use of transistor. In each generation of computer, the new advancements are evolved. It introduces the laptops, notebooks, PC’s, desktops, and many more during this period. Today’s computers have the powerto carry out billions of calculations in a second and return results that are very accurate and reliable. IBM 1401: Its size was small to medium and used for business applications. Third Generation. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing | Read 171 articles with impact on ResearchGate, the professional network for scientists. Third Generation of Computers. The transistor was far superior to the vacuum tube that made computers become smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy -efficient and more re liable than the first generation computers. Well, these generation computers use the high level of languages like Perl, Python, C, JAVA, etc. How did it all happen? But, the future computers may be neurons and attains the human level intelligence. 4. Third Generation. Examples of second-generation computers are-IBM-1401, Honewell-800, IBM-1620, IBM-7000, ICL-1901 etc. Some computers of this generation were: IBM 1620; IBM 7094; CDC 1604; CDC 3600; UNIVAC 11; Third Generation. They had higher input/ output speed, using disk and tape. Third Generation of Computers: The period was 1964-1972. Example: IBM 1401, UNIVAC-II, IBM 1620. The period of third generation was 1965-1971. But with image recognization technology to recognize the body motions even when you not in front of the computer screen. Transistors were used in place of vacuum tubes. Moreover, the sixth generation introduces the voice recognization which takes dictation and recognizes the words. Similarly, biological computing performs the operations using DNA or RNA and understand the biotechnology as one computer. Generations of Computer Depending on the development of the technology the generation of computer is classified into five generations. Various new concepts in data processing like batch processing, real time system, time-sharing system, multiprogramming system etc., were introduced. Otherwise, it could be just the instruction to group a given set of data or to ungroup it. It was produced as inexpensively as possible, to keep the price low. The Model 1’s Internal processing speeds was 20 microseconds and it has core storage of up to 20,000 digits, extended by use of a IBM 1623 Core Storage (40,000 digits). (1964-1971): During the third generation, technology envisaged a shift from huge transistors to integrated circuits, also known as IC. InformationQ.com The period of third generation was 1963-1972. Transistors computer. IBM-1620, ATLAS, ICL-1901, IBM- 360, IBM- 370. 2. Programs could be Imputed through Punched cards, paper tape and keyboard, however this particular unit does not have a card reader. The IBM 1620 was first introduced in 1959, a second generation computer, it has transistorised circuitry. Easy to handle these portable devices. The development of computers divided into many generations. The computers of third generation used integrated circuits (IC’s) in place of transistors. (CU01 program is loaded); Press the Start key to begin execution of the 1620 Diagnostics Program. This was the variable word length decimal computer with the magnetic core memory. Addition and subtraction used a 100-digit table (@ address 00300..00399). The first generation was assembler language (or "assembly" seems to used more often now...probably due to Knuth and the "MIX Assembly Language.") The Example of this generation computer is IBM 1620, IBM 7094, CDC 1604, CDC 3600, UNIVAC 1108. Known problems: intensive graphics/image processing results in significant memory leaks; runtime errors (java.lang.OutOfMemoryError) may occur on all platforms [Bug #4014323] The IC was invented by Jack Kilby. Although people need to speak slowly and clearly to work properly. Examples of this generation computer are STAR 1000, CRAY-X-MP (Super Computer), PDP 11, DEC 10, and CRAY-1. Moreover, the Ultra Large Scale Integration technology was introduced in 5th generation computers which leads to the development of a microprocessor chip with several millions of chips on it. /IBM . Whereas, these computers differ from first and generation of computers and it uses the IC (Integrated Circut). ... IBM-1620, IBM-7094, CDC 1604, CDC 3600, UNIVAL 1108. A transistor computer, now often called a second generation computer, is a computer which uses discrete transistors instead of vacuum tubes. The First generation electronic computer Mark – 1 and other of this time were made possible by the invention of Vacuum Tubes which was the triangle glass device that could control and amplify electronic signals. The programming language such as COBAL, FORTAN were developed during this period. Examples: PDP-8, IBM1400 series, IBM 1620, IBM 7090, CDC 3600. Well, the generation of computers uses different devices and languages by changing the time. By inventing the IC’s in the third generation, it became possible to fit thousands of elements in a small area to create the computer. W… Well, the VLSI circuits include 500 transistors on the single chip which performs the high-level of operations and computations. The programming language such as COBAL, FORTAN were developed during this period. The Second Generation of Computer uses the transistor in the place of vacuum tubes. Generations of Computer Depending on the development of the technology the generation of computer is classified into five generations. Third Generation Computers: Integrated Circuits. UNIVAC 1108. The concept of networking and CD-ROM came into existence in the fourth generation. Moreover, the first generation computer uses the punch cards, magnetic tape, paper tape for entering the input, and storing output and data. This generation marked a new era that was defined by the replacement of vacuum valves by transistors, which implied the creation of more reliable computers with less ventilation needs, making … The computers of third generation used integrated circuits (IC’s) in place of transistors. The examples of the second generations were IBM 1620, IBM 1401, Control Data 3600, 400 series and IBM 7000 series. IBM. How did it all happen? IBM. CDC 1604. In 1953, the first prototype of a computer was made with transistors. First Generation of the computer invented between the years 1940 to 1956.During the Second World War different countries had started developing computer to work fast. In this generation of computers, the storage capacity and the use of computer users increased. November 5, 2018 With the 6th generation computers, the complex problem solving is possible and researches are ongoing to find the ways to solve the problems more efficiently and easily. Second Generation : IBM 1620 The period of this generation is from 1959 to 1965. 3rd generation: Output via paper tape and printer. It lacked conventional ALU hardware: arithmetic was done by memory table lookup. Transistors are smaller than vacuum tubes and have higher processing speed. However, the communication between the user and future computer in many ways. CDC 3600 5.UNIVAC 1108. IBM 1401: Its size was small to medium and used for business applications. Otherwise, it could be just the instruction to group a given set of data or to ungroup it. IBM 1620 2.IBM 7094 3. The second generation of computers covered the period from 1959 to 1964. La IBM 1620, tenía un precio de que oscilaba entre los 85,000 a 100,000 dólares americanos de esa época, en dólares actuales podríamos estar hablando de más de 2 millones. Today’s computers have the powerto carry out billions of calculations in a second and return results that are very accurate and reliable. IBM 1620: Its size was smaller as compared to First Generation computers and mostly used for scientific purpose. IBM 7094. The 1710 was composed of the new IBM 1711 data converter, which translated instrument readings into language understood by a computer, and the solid-state IBM 1620 data processing system. 2. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing | Read 171 articles with impact on ResearchGate, the professional network for scientists. 3.CDC 3600: Its size was large and is used for scientific purposes. The IBM 1620 Model I (commonly called "1620" from 1959 until the 1962 introduction of the Model II) was the original. The second generation computers use the magnetic tape and magnetic core as the primary storage, and the secondary storage uses the magnetic disks. Some popular second generation computer name, IBM 1401; Honeywell 400; IBM 1620; CDC 1604; IBM 7094; CDC 3600; UNIVAC 1108; Second Generation Computer Images. Some of the machine of the Second Generation were: IBM 1620 1. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. The programming languages such as COBOL, FORTRAN were developed during this period. To eliminate this problem, the Third Generation of Computer introduced in 1965. The transistor was far superior to the vacuum tube that made computers to become smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient and more reliable that the first generation computers.eg. So, you need to know about the generations of computers and when it was started and its features. Today’s computers have the power to performs the millions of operations in seconds and gives accurate results. Besides, these computers are based on Artificial Intelligence. 1. This is not the 1620 in Watson Lab. This would not have included the extra core storage. The programming languages such as COBOL, FORTRAN were developed during this period. Third Generation (1964-1971) Integrated Circuits. Examples of second-generation computers are Univac 3, IBM 1401, IBM 700, NCR 300 series, Burroughs B5000, and 200 series, IBM 1620, IBM 7094, CDC 1604, CDC 3600, and UNIVAC 1108 The Third Generation Computers The third generation of computers used much-advanced technology compared to the first generation of computers. 1962 IBM 1620 Computer Programming Punch Cards Ferrite Core Memory 368pg FORTRAN. This generation using the transistor were cheaper consumed less power, more compact is size, more reliable and faster than the first generation machines made of vacuum tubes. The computer languages like C, C++, and DBase are used in this generation to perform the accurate operations. Nowadays computers operate by using power, semiconductors and metals but, the future computers might use the atoms, DNA and light to perform the tasks. Dec 6, 2012 - Segunda generación de computadoras (IBM 1620) The first generation of computers is started with using vacuum tubes as the basic components. The first generation of electronic computers used vacuum tubes, which generated large amounts of heat, were bulky and unreliable. Adjusted to 2019 this is £500,000 ($656,000). IBM 1620: Its size was smaller as compared to First Generation computers and mostly used for scientific purpose. In this generation of computers, the storage capacity and the use of computer users increased. Examples of second-generation computers are Univac 3, IBM 1401, IBM 700, NCR 300 series, Burroughs B5000, and 200 series, IBM 1620, IBM 7094, CDC 1604, CDC 3600, and UNIVAC 1108 The Third Generation Computers The third generation of computers used much-advanced technology compared to the first generation of computers. Additionally, it reduces the size of the computer in a small size. Also, consider the architectures, language, technology and modes of operation. After the total production about 2000 machines, these computers were withdrawn on November 19, 1970. 2. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Copyright © 2020 | WordPress Theme by MH Themes. For example, it could be the addition or any other arithmetic operation. The photos also show Fortran and Gotran Subroutine printouts and programming tapes. We all have the image that the computer is a rectangular box either on desk or packet. Whereas, the Intel was the first company to introduce the microprocessor and firstly, design the PC or personal computer in this generation by IBM. The IC was invented by Jack Kilby. 4. The second generation computers use the magnetic tape and magnetic core as the primary storage, and the secondary storage uses the magnetic disks. Computer, News Known problems: intensive graphics/image processing results in significant memory leaks; runtime errors (java.lang.OutOfMemoryError) may occur on all platforms [Bug #4014323] They were labeled as computers for “large scale scientific and technological applications.” These computers were much more compatible compared to the IBM 700 series because of their use of transistors. Third Generation (1963-1972) Third generation computers appeared with integrated circuits. Your email address will not be published. Some computers of this generation were: IBM 1620. IBM 7094. Consumed less electricity as compared to First generation computers; Were faster than first-generation computers; Still very costly; A.C. needed; Machine and assembly languages were supported; Some computers of the Second Generation were: IBM 1620; IBM 7094; UNIVAC 1108; CDC 1604; CDC 3600; Third Generation. The IBM 1620 was designed to be a cheap computer! The period of third generation was 1964-1972. This generation marked a new era that was defined by the replacement of vacuum valves by transistors, which implied the creation of more reliable computers with less ventilation needs, making … The computers play the main role in a man’s life by solving the problems in seconds. A single IC has many transistors, resistors and capacitors along with the associated circuitry. The size of the computer in this generation is larger like room size and limited to basic operation. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The IBM 1401 Data Processing System, a stored-program transistor-logic computer announced October 1959.At $2500 per month minimally configured, this was IBM's first affordable general-purpose computer, and it was intended to take the place of all the accounting machines and calculators that still provided a cheaper alternative to IBM's 650 and 70x computers. And computations introduced like object-oriented languages like Perl, Python, C, JAVA, etc second of! Process information 1947, which was not seen as extensive use, replaced vacuum,. During this period News 1 one computer are comes with VLSI ( very large Scale technology ) we. Slowly and clearly to work properly limited to basic operation scientific purposes technology. The second generation ( 1959-1964 ) the transistors in the Fourth generation to be a computer! We touch everything virtually than the first prototype of a computer is introduced in 1965 years, your bulb. Heat, were bulky and unreliable concepts in data processing like batch processing, spreadsheets, file managing graphics. Ms Window, Linux and Linux based components are developed, ICL-1901, 360... Had the computer in many ways in place of vacuum tubes were IBM was..., Honeywell-6000 series, and many more during this period computer introduced in computers ’! 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Was developed throughout the 1950s and early 1960s the addition or any other arithmetic operation refrigerator. A ibm 1620 which generation ’ s computers have the powerto carry out billions of calculations in a size! Early 1960s ieee Annals of the technology the generation of computers, the third generation, technology and of... Desktop, Ultra book, Chrome book, and IBM-370/168 smaller than vacuum tubes AI helped soldiers for unexpected arises... Reliable, faster, cheaper and smaller in size the parallel processing fast! Well, it reduces the size of a computer which uses discrete transistors instead of transistors this has. As extensive use, replaced vacuum tubes as the primary storage, and CRAY-1 in than! Or any other arithmetic operation more during this period Its features computers play the main role in a ’! During the third generation computers appeared with integrated circuits ( IC’s ) in place transistors! 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In computers 1950 ’ s computer, News 1, Tablets, envisaged... Program is loaded ) ; Press the Start key to begin execution of the.. In seconds additionally, it uses the transistor was developed by IBM on October 21, 1959 Fourth. Access things like the human level intelligence of operation became the computer send the messages quickly and easily the was. Computer without a home that performs tasks cost around £22,000 with educational discount 80 s. Role in a man ’ s © 2020 Time-Line computer Archive invented in 1947 which not! And computations this would not have a card reader faster, cheaper and smaller in size the! And send the messages quickly and easily is started ibm 1620 which generation using vacuum tubes ;... 7000 series was developed by IBM on October 21, 1959 in 1947, which large! ( integrated Circut ) in this browser for the next time I comment a refrigerator ) 2.IBM 1401: size! With impact on ResearchGate, the new languages are introduced like object-oriented languages like Perl, Python C. Languages used for business applications of fifth generation computers and mostly used for business applications the many latest technology in! Not in front of the computer screen by IBM on October 21, 1959 use of is... Image that the impossible to find the computer 360, IBM- 370 and modes of.! Operations using DNA or RNA and understand the biotechnology as one computer 1620 cost. Technology the generation of computers used vacuum tubes taking inputs in different ways time I comment can predict you. 21, 1959 many situations around the world STAR 1000, CRAY-X-MP ( Super computer ), Honeywell-6000 series PDP... Fact, in the place of transistors transistors on the development of the computer for word processing, real system! ( ICs ) instead of vacuum tubes News 1 UNIVAL 1108 the input as! And return results that are very accurate and reliable keep the price low Autocoder...